Press Information Note 19 (MERIP): "Destroying Houses = and Lives," Interview with Salim Shawarmeh and Jeff Halper (April 5, = 2000)

From: Subject: Press Information Note 19 (MERIP): "Destroying Houses and Lives," Interview with Salim Shawarmeh and Jeff Halper (April 5, 2000) Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2002 14:37:16 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00D1_01C22B43.F32E5BA0"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_00D1_01C22B43.F32E5BA0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.merip.org/pins/pin19.html Press Information Note 19 (MERIP): "Destroying Houses = and Lives," Interview with Salim Shawarmeh and Jeff Halper (April 5, = 2000)

=20

Destroying Houses=20 and Lives

An = Interview with=20 Salim Shawamreh and Jeff Halper

PIN = 19

April 5,=20 2000

Salim Shawamreh is = a=20 Palestinian living with his family just outside occupied = Jerusalem, or not=20 really living, he protests, because "you are always in fear" of = the=20 Israeli soldiers marching to "your house hauling your belongings = out the=20 street and bulldozing your house." As terrifying and humiliating = as it is=20 to suffer this experience once in a lifetime, Salim and his = growing family=20 have seen their house bulldozed on two different occasions. The = Shawamrehs=20 are among the 16,700 West Bank and East Jerusalem Palestinians = whose homes=20 have been demolished since 1987 -- in all 2650. Home demolition is = not a=20 cruelty of the far past, but is alive and well today in Israel, a = country=20 that American and Western officials describe as the only democracy = in the=20 Middle East. In 1999, partly on Prime Minister Barak's watch, = Amnesty=20 International reported that "at least 39 Palestinian homes, of = which over=20 20 were in Jerusalem" were demolished leaving more than "140 = Palestinians,=20 including 70 children, homeless." Salim, a Palestinian Authority = driver=20 and others, have called this an arm of Israel's policy of "ethnic=20 cleansing." B'Tselem, the Israeli Human Rights group, reports that = "while=20 Palestinians are responsible for less than 20 percent of the = illegal=20 construction in [Jerusalem], nearly two-thirds of the demolitions = are=20 carried out on Palestinian houses." Palestinians and their houses = are=20 targeted, Amnesty states, "simply because they are Palestinians," = and the=20 policy is geared to secure Israel's grip on Palestinian land. = Amnesty's=20 press release (December, 1999) reports that "currently, more than=20 one-third of the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem [about = 65,000]=20 lives under the threat of having its houses = demolished."

Ghassan = Bishara,=20 Media Director, interviewed Jeff Halper, Coordinator of the = Israeli=20 Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) and an anthropology = professor=20 at Ben Gurion University and Salim Shawamreh during their recent = US=20 speaking tour about Israel's home demolition policy and occupation = policy=20 in general. Our thanks to Anja Zueckmantel for transcribing the=20 interview.

Q- = Can you=20 describe the mechanics of demolishing a house? How is it actually = carried=20 out?

Salim: = You are=20 basically sitting in your home with your family, not really living = because=20 you're always in fear of the Israeli soldiers surrounding your = house and=20 giving you 15 minutes to carry whatever possible of your = belongings out to=20 the street before they begin to bulldoze your home. Any resistance = is met=20 with beating, kicking, shooting, and arrest. A 16 year-old boy who = came to=20 help lost his left kidney to a rubber bullet, which also damaged = part of=20 his stomach.

Jeff: = Demolishing a=20 home--in the West Bank and Gaza--is considered a military = operation. The=20 law requires a 72-hour notification before demolishing an Israeli = home.=20 But, as a military operation in the West Bank, security = considerations=20 dictate the reaction, and any attempt to resist will be considered = a=20 threat to the safety of the soldiers. Repeated court appeals for = an=20 advance notification were rejected because they give the = Palestinians a=20 chance to defend themselves, which endangers the soldiers=B4 = security.=20 Sometimes, there is no notice at all. Salim's house case was = unusual since=20 his was the fifth house to be demolished that day--at times they = demolish=20 up to twenty and thirty houses a week. It was the middle of the = day and=20 they thought they could demolish another house. Salim and his = family were=20 having lunch when the team arrived. Because they resisted, it gave = us time=20 to organize and call others. This was a breakthrough case, where = we took=20 many pictures for a later use. Normally, however, they come about = 6:30 AM,=20 when all men have left to work, but because no one knows when they = may=20 come, people live in constant fear and anxiety. Some Palestinian = men have=20 opted for night jobs so as to be home if and when demolition teams = show=20 up.

The whole = operation=20 whereby soldiers surround the house or the neighborhood and evict = the=20 family is very violent. There is also a body language to this = operation,=20 when aggressive soldiers bring themselves very close to the angry=20 Palestinians and if a Palestinian tries to push away the soldier = it=20 triggers a violent response of shooting and beating up people. For = Palestinians, it is a no-win situation. They cannot be passive at = the=20 prospect of their house being demolished and when they react they = are=20 arrested, beaten, and shot at. It is a set-up kind of a situation, = which=20 dictates whether or not they will give even the 15 minutes. In = many cases,=20 houses were demolished on top of everything, furniture and = all.

Q- = The=20 government issues the order to demolish the house. Is the = government then=20 liable when they destroy the furniture?

Jeff- No. = Although we=20 have tried to press the case when furniture, trees, water systems, = lighting, and other things that are not part of the demolition = order are=20 destroyed, the answer is that "security considerations require = evacuation=20 of residents quickly." In the name of security, "the sacred cow," = you=20 could do anything.

Q- = Two known=20 reasons for destroying houses are to punish a family of an alleged = "terrorist" before any due process and at times before the accused = is even=20 caught, and to destroy a house that was built without an Israeli=20 government permit. Is that correct?

Jeff- = Since the=20 intifada, there have only been a handful of cases of the former. = This=20 should be clarified since most Israelis believe that only houses = of=20 "terrorists" are being destroyed. We are talking about apolitical = people=20 here, such as Salim, who has never been arrested and built on his = own land=20 to shelter his family.

Q- = Why don't=20 Palestinians ask for permits in the first place?

Salim- = Israeli law is=20 geared to make permanent the Israeli occupation of our land and = force us=20 into a narrow area. They want to fit us within their master plan = for the=20 area, which is to strengthen their hold on our land. I will not = receive a=20 permit as long as it does not agree with their master plan; only = few=20 permits are granted. The more Palestinian houses are built, the = less land=20 is left for settlements.

Q- = Is it part=20 of the master plan to minimize the Palestinians' presence in those = areas?=20

Jeff- = Yes, but in=20 1981, an efficient bureaucracy was set up to cast the military = occupation=20 as a civil administration. It is important for Israel to present = itself as=20 a democracy and a country of law, and the zoning code is an = important=20 fa=E7ade to market that image. They cannot destroy Palestinian = houses and=20 say, "We are destroying them in order to confine Palestinians into = fixed=20 areas." Therefore, they developed this Kafkaesque system of going = through=20 the motion of permit applications and fees collection, but the = intention=20 is to deny permits. Playing out the game makes Israel appear just = like any=20 other country. When a complaint is lodged, bureaucrats can show = that a=20 permit was not issued. Complying with the law means demolishing = the house.=20 The whole thing is laid out in a watertight fashion to make the = process=20 look legal. A very few permits are granted, because if none were = then no=20 one would play the game. So one always has hope--like Salim, who = thought,=20 "maybe I'll get the permit."

The = permit is very=20 expensive also. It could cost $6,000 in parts of the West Bank, = but in=20 East Jerusalem it goes as high as $30,000 to $40,000 in various = fees.=20 Being denied a permit is like throwing money away. Construction in = the=20 occupied areas must suit the master plan and no Palestinian = building does.=20 The proof is that all house demolition is done to Palestinian and = none=20 whatsoever to Israeli homes. Although the Israelis may show = figures of=20 demolished Jewish houses, they are false. Rarely they may demolish = an=20 illegal porch or a swimming pool in West Jerusalem--but never, = ever have=20 they demolished a whole Israeli house.

Q- = Are you=20 saying that no Israeli houses were demolished even when no permits = were=20 granted?

Jeff- = Eighty percent=20 of the building violations are in West Jerusalem and eighty = percent of the=20 demolitions are in the eastern side. While in East Jerusalem = almost always=20 whole houses are demolished, it is never so in West = Jerusalem.

Q- = How does=20 the Israeli government explain or defend this gap?

Jeff- It = does not. It=20 provides figures that do not fit. They say we demolished 20 houses = in East=20 Jerusalem and 17 in West Jerusalem, but that is not true. You will = never=20 see an Israeli (Jewish) family living in a tent because its house = was=20 destroyed. If the authorities sent a bulldozer to destroy a Jewish = house,=20 there would be a revolution--this is absolutely = unthinkable.

Q- = What is the=20 real aim of this policy in your opinion?

Salim- = The real aim=20 is ethnic cleansing of Palestinians. "Let them leave the country = and go=20 find themselves another place to live."

Q- = Do you=20 agree with this assessment, Jeff?

Jeff- = Pretty much.=20 They certainly try to confine Palestinians. Someone told Salim = after a=20 lecture here, "Demolishing your house is like telling you, =ACyou = have no=20 place to return to." It is not that they are forcing anyone out = now. True,=20 ethnic cleansing is a loaded term, but essentially that is what we = are=20 talking about. As far as I know, Israel is the only country that=20 systematically demolishes houses of a particular = population.

Q- = How does=20 the legal community in Israel feel about this subject? Has the = high court=20 heard the issue?

Jeff- We = have taken=20 many cases to the court; Salim's case was one. The legal = department of the=20 civil administration has closed all loopholes. After 33 years, = there is no=20 legal challenge that has not already been made. The whole thing is = pretty=20 much watertight. The court's answer is that Palestinians should = have=20 permits.

Q- = Is your=20 house in Jerusalem, and what did the court tell you when your case = was=20 presented there?

Salim- = No, it is in=20 area C (Anata), just outside of Jerusalem. I took my case to the = court=20 only to gain some time. I knew that my home was going to be = demolished. I=20 was just hoping that something could happen in the meantime. = Nothing=20 did.

Q- = Your house,=20 Salim, was destroyed twice already. Couldn't it be destroyed again = and=20 again?

Salim- = Yes. According=20 to the occupation authorities, my house is illegal and it may be = destroyed=20 any time. We have to live with this fear. I hope that my presence = here and=20 appeal to the American people and government and the UN may help = end this=20 demolishing policy. The experience of soldiers beating my family = members,=20 my wife losing consciousness, my children scattered, tear gas and = arrests=20 has traumatized and destroyed, not only our homes, but our lives = and many=20 families=B4 lives forever.

Q- = If they=20 destroy the house again, will you rebuild it again?

Salim- I = have nowhere=20 else to go. I will rebuild it a hundred times.

Q- = For you as=20 an Israeli activist, what would constitute a viable solution with = the=20 Palestinians?

Jeff- Had = you asked=20 me four years ago, I would have said a two-state solution. Today, = the only=20 option is working out a binational state for both peoples and = equal=20 citizenship for all. This matrix of Israeli control of people and=20 territory has created this new reality that makes territory = impossible to=20 detach.

To subscribe to receive PINs (at no cost) via = email, please=20 use the following form. MERIP respects your privacy and will = not=20 sell or exchange your information.

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